Projects / Learning without backprop

Alternatives to backpropagation

Hebbian learning, predictive coding, forward-forward, PEPITA, reservoirs and evolutionary methods, benchmarked against backprop on sample efficiency and wall-clock time.

A collection of learning rules that avoid backpropagation, or only partly rely on it, all tested on MNIST under matched architectures.

Implemented

  • Hebbian: FastHebb, nonlinear PCA/ICA variants, soft winner-take-all, convolutional Hebbian layers
  • Predictive coding: bidirectional, feedforward, and incremental (iPC)
  • Generalized principal subspace projection, based on multi-compartment pyramidal neurons
  • Forward-only: forward-forward with layer collaboration, and PEPITA
  • Reservoir computing on Erdős–Rényi and scale-free graphs
  • Evolutionary: CMA-ES and a Kronecker-product genetic algorithm with a codon genotype
  • Side quests: graph hierarchy measures, Laplacian renormalization, an empowerment agent on Atari

The benchmark

Networks are parameter-matched (reservoir sizes are computed to match synapse counts), then compared on accuracy per sample and per second of training. Predictive coding’s slow relaxation phase is part of the result.